Sunday, August 23, 2020

Qualitative Vs Quantitative Research - Which One to Choose

Subjective and quantitative research are two of the principle sorts of research that are inferred to research and accumulate important data. Snappy Links 1. What is Quantitative Research? 1.1 Quantitative Research Definition 1.2 Types of Quantitative Research 2. What is Qualitative Research 2.1 Qualitative Research Definition 2.2 Types of Qualitative Research 3. Distinction Between Qualitative and Quantitative Research 3.1 Area of Research 3.2 Collection of Data 3.3 Research Outcomes 3.4 Selection of Sample 3.5 Data Analysis Method 1. What is Quantitative Research? Quantitative research configuration is centered more around amount. The accumulated data is introduced as numbers, factual examination and hard chilly realities. 1.1 Quantitative Research Definition This sort of research is centered around checking and dissecting measurable qualities and various kinds of information. That can be the qualities in look into reviews, polls and so on. 1.2 Types of Quantitative Research Much the same as subjective research, quantitative research likewise has various sorts that you can use for various types of research. Key quantitative research types include: Review Research Review look into centers around using meetings, surveys and surveys of research inquiries to get close to exact outcomes identified with practices. Furthermore, how the subjects work and carry on under explicit conditions. There are various approaches to direct a study kind of quantitative research. This may incorporate meeting via phone, by means of mail or talk. Connection Research Connection investigate tests and examinations the connection between two factors and how they influence one another. This sort of quantitative research is led to comprehend an event. Additionally, the reasons for it having relationship with another accessible variables and components. Exploratory Research It is the reason for some exploration and is commonly completed with the assistance of a theories. It could either be a solitary articulation or various proclamations. 2. What is Qualitative Research? Subjective research is more towards introducing the looked into information in detail by presenting audits, meetings and conclusions into the exploration report. It is progressively centered around measurements and results got through numerical information, studies and gadgets that are utilized in the exploration. 2.1 Qualitative Research Definition It includes introducing thoughts and topics in a top to bottom and itemized way. Supporting proof is gathered from writing audits, top to bottom talking and other material. 2.2 Types of Qualitative Research You should think about the various types of explores that are their part and could be included the examination model. Following are a portion of the subjective research strategies: Ethnographic Model The objective is to find and become familiar with the highlights of the way of life. How it influences the members and main thrust, inspiration, that props it up. Another model is trying the item by and by or running a test before definite dispatch. Grounded Theory Method Grounded hypothesis technique incorporates planning of speculations through social affair and investigation of information that is accessible in certain subject or theme. The kind of subjective research is not quite the same as different methods of research. It begins with the current information and pushes ahead to outline new idea. Contextual analysis Model Contextual investigation inquire about model spotlights on one objective or subject and study it all in all. Information identified with the subject and point is gathered through different on the web and disconnected assets for composing a contextual investigation. That incorporates interviews, pertinent writing audit and hypotheses and ideas that are utilized related to comprehend and break down the data.3. Contrast Between Qualitative and Quantitative Research Subjective and quantitative research contrast from one another through various ways and components. On the off chance that you are pondering about the ways both the sorts are discrete from one another, if you don't mind move further. 3.1 Area of Research By definition, subjective research depends on writing, contextual investigations, surveys and reports and hypotheses. While, quantitative research is about amounts. Quantitative research screens, assesses and spares information in measurable report, in view of numbers and discoveries. 3.2 Collection of Data Subjective and quantitative information assortment techniques are additionally unique. Subjective research gathers information through very adaptable or, here and there, unstructured or semi organized techniques. They incorporate meetings, center gatherings or gathering conversations, perceptions, contextual investigations, master conclusions, open finished studies, perceptions and so forth. Quantitative research utilizes exceptionally organized techniques including reviews, perceptions, interviews, surveys, telephonic meetings and different strategies for investigate. The subjective research permits the members to communicate their feelings in an itemized way. Quantitative research limit this by simply permitting to-the-point answers and choices. 3.3 Research Outcomes Subjective research considers a more inside and out, thorough and, as a rule, precise outcomes. Since the respondents could include their own appearances and perspectives into the reactions. Quantitative research gives more extensive understanding by giving focused on results that could be comprehended and examined in less time. 3.4 Selection of Sample Test determination technique varies in the event of subjective and quantitative research. In subjective research, the exploration test is a little that is picked through a preset model. Quantitative research incorporates enormous example measures that is relied upon to speak to the number of inhabitants in inquire about intrigue. 3.5 Data Analysis Method Subjective and quantitative research have various strategies for information examination. In quantitative research, the information is gathered. At that point broke down as insights and even structures and spreadsheets and the outcomes are generally indisputable and conclusive. Subjective research information is gathered and broke down subjectively utilizing strong material. For instance meets, recorded surveys and analysis tapes and point by point polls to extricate the necessary outcomes. Subjective versus quantitative research has consistently been an interesting issue. Scientists and understudies are looking for the examination strategy that benefits their work the best. Subjective and quantitative research are additionally utilized for look into ventures that include both the depiction and measurable parts. As yet experiencing issues understanding which type would be best for your exploration? The best arrangement is to recruit proficient assistance for your paper. At 5StarEssays, you can contact a specialist essayist and get your custom paper composed by your paper prerequisite. Put in your request currently to get an A commendable research paper.

Friday, August 21, 2020

History of jazz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History of jazz - Essay Example The following metal band was shaped in 1884 and it comprised of a Creole cornet player called Manuel Perez who was an expansion to the gathering. Various groups kept framing after that also and they comprised of Creoles up until 1898. Jazz comprised of a few various types of music, for example, blues music, jazz and the metal band exhibits. Strict music was anyway excluded from the blend of music during development of jazz. White music which was well known was likewise absent toward the start of the jazz music development yet was later on fused to add a business sense to the music and empower it to sell generally. In 1898 following US crushed Spain and freeing Cuba, troops who had been in the war arrived in New Orleans on their approach to different areas. They carried metal instruments with them and they sold them on the bootleg market which was embraced rapidly. These metal instruments were not normal for what was utilized before as they were European instruments and thus the music played from that point consolidated European angle into the Creole jazz mixing the two up1. This new type of jazz with both African and European music and instruments in it was before long gotten across New Orleans and it shaped the premise of the current jazz as it is known to date. New Orleans was a city which was loaded up with individuals of various races. There were Africans who were slaves, the Spanish from Cuba and who were at war with the US just as different races, for example, the French, Germans and even Italians all whom were in South America yet some additionally lived in New Orleans. Despite the fact that they had various societies and dialects, they shared a shared trait which was the affection for music. Each race had its own type of music which they sang in better places. It is these various kinds of music that joined together to shape jazz. The most prestigious student of history of jazz was

Friday, July 10, 2020

Using Samples of an Essay to a Teacher Professionally

Using Samples of an Essay to a Teacher ProfessionallyWith the help of samples of an essay to a teacher professionally, it is possible to select a topic of concern to you and write an essay on your choice. The second part of this method helps in winning over the class or the teacher.Many students are interested in this approach because they want to engage in writing because of the increased interest of the common classes. So, before composing the essay, the students who are going to write an essay would do it with the help of samples of an essay to a teacher professionally.In the first step, the student would decide whether the topic he/she wants to discuss in his/her essay is something which he/she has not discussed. If so, then in the second step, the student would provide all the information needed by the teacher in order to successfully compose the essay. However, if the topic is one which is extremely important, then the student should prepare it beforehand.However, the student s hould ensure that the professional sample provided by him/her is genuine. If the essay is going to be published, then the writer of the essay will need to revise the samples of an essay to a teacher professionally before the final stage. In this situation, a sample of an essay to a teacher professionally may be checked with the student to check if all the information given is true.In order to check the authenticity of the essay, the student can have his/her school mentor read the essay to a teacher professionally to verify the accuracy of the essay. If the essay is authentic, then the student can find a page where the whole information given in the essay can be viewed to make sure that all the facts given are correct.The student can also check whether the facts given in the essay are correct. In addition, if the student feels that the details given in the essay are incorrect, then he/she can contact the teacher personally and have the essay revised accordingly.In conclusion, student s can also look for a professional essay writers and use the samples of an essay to a teacher professionally as well. By doing this, the student can win over the class and take home the award in front of him/her.

Wednesday, May 20, 2020

In Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried, he emphasizes a...

In Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried, he emphasizes a chapter on â€Å"The Man I Killed†, which describes the characteristics of a young Vietnamese man in which O’Brien may or may not have killed with a grenade. The novel is not chronologically sequenced, which leaves more room for the reader to engage in a critical thought process that fully bridges the author’s mind to their own. In O’Brien’s chapter, â€Å"The Man I Killed†, he attempts to humanize the enemy in a way that draws little separation between the enemy and himself by relating the enemy’s life prior to the war to his, and illustrates the war through the eyes of the soldiers who fought it. To understand â€Å"The Man I Killed†, the reader must first enlighten themselves upon O’Brien’s†¦show more content†¦It wasn’t until he went to war and was faced with the enemy that he would realize that the enemy wasn’t so di fferent after all. â€Å"His jaw was in his throat, his upper lip and teeth were gone, his one eye was shut, his other eye was a star-shaped hole...,† writes O’Brien as he studies the deceased enemy (118). Throughout the novel, the author shows consistency with repeating stories and lines in a way to present a greater image. He reminds the reader of details the elaborate his larger view. When he writes of the man he killed, he wants the reader to imagine themselves in his shoes, as he imagined himself in the enemies’. As he carefully studies the dead man, he imagines how the boy found himself in the war. By relating American society to the boy’s village of My Khe, he bridges similarities connecting the two by a culture that promotes defending one’s land and ways of life. By saying, â€Å"he would have been taught that to defend the land was a man’s highest duty and highest privilege,† he shows there is minimal difference between how m ost Americans view the military and the duty of the villagers in My Khe (119). Although he had not known the exact history of the boy, he attempted to illustrate in his own mind what his life may have been like prior to the invasion. The inability for O’Brien to walk away from the body as Kiowa continued to pry him away says he was troubled by the similarities. Despite Kiowa saying it could have been him lying lifeless onShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis of the Things They Carried1537 Words   |  7 PagesMichelle Zhang Dr. Bloomquist 2/13/2015 Rhetorical Analysis A Whole New World: Construction and Destruction in The Things They Carried While the Vietnam War was a complex political pursuit that lasted only a few years, the impact of the war on millions of soldiers and civilians extended for many years beyond its termination. Soldiers killed or were killed; those who survived suffered from physical wounds or were plagued by PTSD from being wounded, watching their platoon mates die violentlyRead MoreThe Homeland, Aztland, By Gloria Anzaldua4126 Words   |  17 PagesIn The Homeland, Aztland, Gloria Anzaldua writes, Borders are set up to define the places that are safe and unsafe, to distinguish us from them. For centuries, there has been segregation between ‘us’ and ‘them’, in which the two groups vary in culture or race. The dominant group, ‘us’ sees ‘them’ as a weak link and that they are not worthy of what ‘we’ have and deserve. In â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† by Kate Chopin and â€Å"Wisdom of the New† by Sui Sin Far, there is an appa rent border between two sets of

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Why Has Terrorism Become Such an Important Issue over the...

WHY HAS TERRORISM BECOME SUCH AN IMPORTANT ISSUE OVER THE LAST 40 YEARS? There are many reasons why terrorism has become such an important issue over the last 40 years. In this paper I will be exploring the answers to this question through three related topics; 1) the threat from terrorism; 2) why people join terrorist groups and; 3) dealing with terrorism. I will be using the sources provided and historical facts related to three groups; the IRA, the PLO and Al-Qaeda. Section 1 – The threat from terrorism Terrorism has been defined in many ways and not everyone agrees with any one definition. The UK government defines it as: â€Å"The threat of, for the purpose of advancing a political, religious or ideological cause, of action which involves†¦show more content†¦Although both are personal opinions, they are from opposite sides of the conflict and support each other. It also is well documented that the people who joined the IRA wanted Northern Ireland to be independent just like Southern Ireland after it became independent in 1916. The IRA‘s own stated aims were to defend their nation, to remove British troops from N. Ireland and to make it a part of the rest of Ireland as one country. People join al-Qaeda for various reasons loosely connected with fighting foreign occupiers, political motivations and religious ideology. One of the main reasons why people join al-Qaeda is to fight America and other western governments who are seen as invaders or aggressors against Muslim lands and their populations. They also strongly focus on the US backed occupation of Palestine and the Al-Aqsa mosque (in Jerusalem) by Israel and the US troops that are based in Saudi Arabia home to the holiest mosque in Islam. This has been supported by statements from al-Qaeda itself. This is also supported by source 10 a statement by Osama bin Laden made in 1998. After pointing out the political and military injustices of the ‘Americans and their allies’ he quotes verses from the Quran to back his argument for Muslims to kill Americans and their allies. Source 4 is a similar statement made by al-Qaeda which further proves the motives. Whilst these areShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essa y On Terrorism1496 Words   |  6 Pages(Starling) The issue of terrorism is that it doesn’t stop and it’s been going on for years now, and it seems that the people haven’t done much to stop this. The reasoning is that since terrorism has been a thing for a while they have probably seen everything that they can do, so by trying to fight it, it will most likely become even worse. Terrorists are attacking more religious people than non-religious people because they might be against that race of the person, or what they believe in. It has even beenRead MoreSocial Problems Essays1168 Words   |  5 Pagescharacter of the man, his skills and his immediate opportunities. But when in a nation of 50 million employees, 15 million men are unemployed, that is an issue, and we may not hope to find its solution within the range of opportunities open to any one individual.† (Mills 1959:8) This example suggests that social problems only really become an issue when they affect a large proportion of society. What for one might look like a problem and if a large group of society is not affected, there is littleRead MoreTesco Plc in India1728 Words   |  7 Pagesbusiness in such markets, the investors have to consider many factors of those countries such as level of freedom, corruption, competition and risks. In this case, although India has restrictions on foreign direct investment (FDI) in retail trading, it is perceivably a lucrative emerging market for Tesco. Therefore, the issue here is whether Tesco should enter the Indian market. If so, when should be the proper time—before or after the restriction relaxed and with what strategies? Also, should IndianRead MoreEnglish as a Globalising Language1619 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization is an inevitable issue in the world, which brings boundaries between the countries much more close. Because of the sophisticated technology, the mobility of local culture, music, knowledge and goods has enh anced. As we want to communicate with the other races of people, we shall use one language to be a bridge. Therefore, the English becomes a globalizing language because of its clear structure and format. Does the globalizing language good or bad for us? I believe that the answer shouldRead MoreMotivation of Terrorist and Assassins3187 Words   |  13 Pageshorrible attacks that occurred on September 11th, 2001 left many Americans wondering one simple question: Why do they hate us so much? The devastation caused by these attacks was so much that it left the Americans confused and making up their own theories regarding what the main reason behind all this hatred is. Surely, there isnt one American out there who would approve of the terrorism that has been ongoing since 2001. The most direct and automatic assumption being made is that the Taliban, terroristRead MoreDeportation Of The United States Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pagesin the United States Immigration has and still a dilemma for the United States. Immigration has shaped the United States as a nation since the first newcomers arrived over 400 years ago. Immigrants contribute deeply to many of the economic, social, and political processes that are foundational to the United States as a nation. Millions of immigrants are deported every year. The ethnicity of immigrants living in the United States come from all around. Mexico has the largest population of immigrantsRead MorePresidents Should Not Be A New York Native1223 Words   |  5 PagesPresidents should be honest, trustworthy, and have the best interest for their country. Many people often vote for who they truly believe will have the best political power. Over the many years America had dictated the best president to their knowledge. Some people do not choose the best president yet they choose what 80% of what the crowd is rooting for.Such as the president who is going to run for the 2016 Donald. Donald Trump shoul d not be our next president because he does not have America sRead MoreThe Effect Of Political Violence On The Middle East And The Geopolitics Of Oil Essay2693 Words   |  11 Pagesconcerning resources such as oil plays a substantial role in shaping the globe. Reasons for why correlations between political violence in the Middle East and the geopolitics of oil can be connected is due to the Middle East being one of the most prominent locations in the world to refine oil along with the regions long history of political and economic turmoil. Examining the history of the Middle East throughout the years, it can be said that, both internally and externally Middle Eastern nations are heavilyRead MoreThe Effect Of Political Violence On The Middle East And The Geopolitics Of Oil Essay2863 Words   |  12 Pagesenergy resources such as oil plays a substantial role in shaping the globe. Reasons for why correlations between political violence in the Middle East and the geopolitics of oil c an be connected is due to the Middle East being one of the most prominent locations in the world to refine oil along with the regions long history of political and economic turmoil. Examining the history of the Middle East throughout the years, it can be said that, both internally and externally Middle Eastern nations are heavilyRead More The Legacy of Afghanistan’s Civil War Essay4843 Words   |  20 Pagesquestions like: â€Å"why America? Who were these terrorists and for what reason would they sacrifice their own lives? What is the nature of Afghanistan’s involvement in these attacks and who, exactly, is Osama Bin Laden?† In the aftermath of these attacks, I found myself among the majority of Americans struggling to find answers to these questions. Like most Americans, I knew next to nothing about the country of Afghanistan, our country’s involvement in its civil war during the years 1979-1988, or

Intelligence Cross Cultural Intelligence at the Workplace

Question: Discuss about the Cross Cultural Intelligence at the Workplace. Answer: Introduction In the recent times, globalization of businesses is taking place at a rapid pace leading to significant changes in the ways in which people tend to work together. Again globalization has led to consequences like more contact between the cultures (Ang et al., 2007). Thus taking into consideration the above aspects, the essay emphasizes upon analyzing the concept of cultural intelligence at workplace with major emphasis upon cross cultural adaptation. This would be conducted by critically reviewing two journal articles on cultural intelligence and then identify the strengths and weakness both the articles to identify the more convincing article. (Aycan, 2009) defines cultural intelligence as capability on the part of the individuals to successfully adapt to the unfamiliar and new cultural settings and thus efficiently function in situations that are characterized by the cultural diversity. With increase in the advancements in technology together with globalization and increasing trend on the part of the business organizations to hire foreign talent for business has made it mandatory to work and operate in a culturally diverse environment making it important for the individuals associated with these organizations to acquire the skills to deal with cultural diversity (Bleichrodt et al., 2006). So it can be said that cross cultural intelligence has emerged as a major concept in todays business environment and thus the business organizations in order to develop compassion between the clients and the colleagues from different cultural backgrounds and nationalities should emphasize upon developing a common ground, avoid stereotypi ng, and maintain a learning environment. Moreover, in context to the situation of cross cultural intelligence, the concept of cross cultural adjustment also took place. As per the studies conducted by Crowne, (2013), cross cultural adjustment can be defined as the degree of psychological comfort that an expatriate feels with different aspects of the host culture. Thus the adjustments need to be made in relation to the interactions that take place with the nationals of the host country, the general environment and work i.e. the job responsibilities, supervisory responsibilities and performance standards. Thus it can be said that cross cultural adjustment can be looked upon as a major indicator and the determinant of the success of the expatriate in relation to his international assignments. Again, taking into consideration the concept of cross cultural intelligence and cross cultural adaptation by the individuals, the essay mainly emphasizes upon two journal articles like The Effects of Cultural Intelligence on Cross Cultural Adjustment and Job Performance and Cultural Intelligence: Domain and Assessment. As per the second journal i.e. Cultural Intelligence: Domain and Assessment, the concept of cultural intelligence has recently been stressed and emphasized upon, however it puts forward the fact that the aspect at workplace possess the potentiality of providing an in depth explanations towards the effectiveness in cross cultural interactions. So this article emphasizes upon clearly defining the cultural intelligence on the basis of the review of the available literature in the domains of the social cognition, the cross cultural interactions and intelligence (Thomas et al., 2008). Moreover the article defines cultural intelligence as a system that facilitates effective interaction between the skills and knowledge that is efficiently linked by the cultural meta-cognition that possess the ability of driving individuals to successfully adapt to, select and shape the cultural aspects related to the environment in which they are in. On the other hand the article The Effects of Cultural Intelligence on Cross Cultural Adjustment and Job Performance and thus it investigated the effects of cultural intelligence and its dimensions on the cross cultural adjustments and also the job performance of the individuals. The article puts forward the fact that cultural intelligence can be looked upon as a major cross cultural competency that helps the expatriates towards cross cultural adaptation and also enhances their job performance while working for their organization in other nations (Wei and Rose, 2011). Moreover, it also led to the development of the fact that the individuals who are characterized with greater meta-cognitive and motivational cultural intelligence possess greater ability of cross cultural adjustments. It also reveals that there exists a significant positive relationship between the contextual performances of the expatriates and behavioral and meta-cognitive cultural intelligence. But, this article does n ot support the fact that that there exists a significant positive relationship task performance and cultural intelligence. Thus the analysis of the fact proposed by both the articles reveals the fact where some situations, both the articles are in perfect alignment with each other; there are some aspects like in context to the relationship between the task performance of the individuals and cultural intelligence. Again, in comparing the findings of the study to my knowledge of cross cultural intelligence and cultural adaptability, I would like to emphasize upon the fact that cross cultural intelligence is a type of system that facilitates the individuals to acquire the skills and knowledge that is required to perform the tasks and assignments in different nations i.e. work efficiently in a diverse working environment. As per my concept, I was aware of the fact that crosses cultural intelligence tends to make a significant impact on the task performance of the individual, but the findings of the article revealed that there does not exit any significant relationship between the cultural intelligence and ta sk performance. I was also not aware of the facts like meta-cognition, behavioral cognition and motivational cognition, but these articles briefly explained these concepts that led to enhanced understanding and knowledge on my part. Thus it can be said that the reference materials that have been selected for the study is based upon some specific context about which I had little knowledge and has also presented fresh perspectives that include how cross cultural intelligence, cross cultural adaptation and performance of the tasks by the individual is interrelated. Analysis of the perspectives and the arguments that have been presented by the selected reference materials, it can be said that cultural intelligence has been portrayed as a system that facilitates the individuals with efficient interacting abilities. As similar to general intelligence, cultural intelligences construct is so broad that it is possible to categorize the skills component and measure the same in various different ways. It emphasizes upon the fact that cultural meta-cognition possesses a central position in the conceptualization of the cultural intelligence and it can be looked upon as an element that leads to emergence of cultural intelligence through effective interaction of the constituent elements of meta-cognition (Evelina etal., 2008). In alignment with the earlier discussed article, the second article also portrays cultural intelligence as an intercultural capacity that is important on the part of the individuals i.e. the expatriates who are working in foreign cou ntries and in a different cultural environment. Moreover, adding to the above aspects, this article also provides a clear description of why it becomes easy for some individuals to adapt and interact in an efficient manner in foreign cultures in comparison to others beyond the ability of simply acquiring the ability to understand and communicate in the foreign language. This articles has also explained the concept of meta-cognition cultural intelligence and the facts put forwards by both the articles are in alignment with each other. Through effective comparisons of both the articles selected as a reference material, it can be said that the article The Effects of Cultural Intelligence on Cross Cultural Adjustment and Job Performance is more convincing and this because of the fact that the article is mainly based upon the research study that has been conducted to analyze the concept of cross cultural intelligence and its impact on the job performance and cross cultural adjustments of the expatriates. So all the facts that has been provided in this article is based upon the practical observations and data collected through survey i.e. the real time data collated for this purpose only. However another article Cultural Intelligence: Domain and Assessment can also be considered to be effective, but it lacks to support its points by the practical observations. But again on the other hand, it emphasized upon supporting its facts through the available literature. Focusing upon the strengths of both the articles, it can b e said that where the one article has based its provided facts on the basis of both the available literature and practical observations collected through survey, the other article based its facts upon the facts and arguments put forward by the different researchers and authors. The authors of both the articles have emphasized upon presenting a well balanced argument and have substantiated the fact either through the arguments of previous authors or through the facts. An in depth analysis of the facts put forward by both the articles revels that the facts hold true and there aspects like how cross cultural competency and cross cultural adaptation can prove to be beneficial for the organization of the indivuals have not been addressed together with the ways in which cross cultural intelligence at workplace can be enhanced and improved. Conclusion Thus from the above discussions, it can be said that cross cultural intelligence at workplace and cross cultural adaptation by the individuals have emerged due to tendency of the organizations to go global and hire foreign talent for business growth. So in this context, it becomes important to efficiently manage individuals at workplace to make able to adapt to different cultures and promote diversity at workplace. References Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., Koh, C., Ng, K.Y., Templar, K.J., Tay, C., (2007) Cultural Intelligence: Its Measurement and Effects on Cultural Judgement and Decision Making, Cultural Adaptation and Task Performance, Management and Organization Review 3(03): 33571. Aycan, Z. (2009) Acculturation of Expatriate Managers: A Process Model of Adjustment and Performance, in Z. Aycan (ed.) New Approaches to Employee Management, Vol. 4: Expatriate Management: Theory and Research, pp. 140. Stamford, CT: JAI Press Bleichrodt, N., Hoksbergen, R. and Khire, U. (2006). Cross-Cultural Testing of Intelligence.Cross-Cultural Research, 33(1), pp.3-25. Crowne, K. (2013). Cultural exposure, emotional intelligence, and cultural intelligence: An exploratory study.International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 13(1), pp.5-22. Evelina Ascalon, M., Schleicher, D. and Born, M. (2008). Crossà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ cultural social intelligence.Cross Cultural Management, 15(2), pp.109-130. Rehg, M., Gundlach, M. and Grigorian, R. (2012). Examining the influence of crossà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ cultural training on cultural intelligence and specific selfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ efficacy.Cross Cultural Management, 19(2), pp.215-232. Thomas, D., Elron, E., Stahl, G., Ekelund, B., Ravlin, E., Cerdin, J., Poelmans, S., Brislin, R., Pekerti, A., Aycan, Z., Maznevsk, M., Au, K. and Lazarova, M. (2008). Cultural Intelligence : Domain and Assessment.International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, Vol 8(2)(DOI: 10.1177/1470595808091787), pp.123143. Wei, C. and Rose, R. (2011). The Effects of Cultural Intelligence on Cross-Cultural Adjustment and Job Performance amongst Expatriates in Malaysia.International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(9), pp.59-66. Zeidner, M. (1990). Perceptions of Ethnic Group Modal Intelligence: Reflections of Cultural Stereotypes or Intelligence Test Scores?.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 21(2), pp.214-231.

Thursday, April 23, 2020

Tanglewood Case Essay Example For Students

Tanglewood Case Essay Tanglewood Case – Assignment #1 (Case 1) – Due Week 2| Objective| The goal of Part 1 is to help you learn more about the basic environmental concerns the Tanglewood Department Store chain is facing. This information will help you to understand how competition, strategy, and culture jointly form the effective development of a selection plan. Assignment Specifics | In this assignment you will be concentrating on staffing quantity and staffing quality strategies for Tanglewood. To begin the assignment, refer to Exhibit 1. 7 in the textbook. You will see that the Exhibit indicates a series of strategic staffing decisions: nine pertaining to staffing levels and four pertaining to staffing quality. Donald Penchiala, the Director of Staffing Services, is interested in your opinions about each of these decisions as each pertains to Tanglewood. Review the textbook material that discusses these thirteen decisions, and the material you have read about Tanglewood. Then consider each of the decisions and indicate which way you think Tanglewood should position itself along the continuum and why. We will write a custom essay on Tanglewood Case specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now For example, the first decision is to develop or acquire talent. Indicate whether you think it is best for Tanglewood to focus more on acquiring talent internally or externally, and explain why. Repeat this process for each of the 13 staffing level and staffing quality dimensions. Grading| 100 points possible * Case Description/Introduction (5 points) * Identification of business strategy/goals (20 points) * Discussion of 13 Strategic Staffing Decisions (65 points, 5 points each) * Conclusion/Summary (5 points) Format/Paper Quality (5 points) Tanglewood Case – Assignment #2 (Case 3) – Due Week 4| Objective| Recruiting is the first stage in which organizational plans for staffing come into contact with the labor market for employees. Before making any new recruiting effort, an organization needs to carefully consider the methods available and balance out the costs of each method with the organization’s needs. Part 3 provides an opportunity to see how staffing mana gers develop plans for recruiting efforts. You will develop a recruiting strategy and a recruiting guide for the store associate job. The case also demonstrates how you can use organizational data to determine what the best methods for recruiting are. Finally, you will have an opportunity to develop various forms of recruiting messages that will encourage individuals to apply for jobs as sales associates at Tanglewood. Assignment Specifics | Analyze the information from the recruiting data and prepare a report showing the results of the analysis for your director. 1. Start by developing a recruitment guide like that shown in Exhibit 5. 3 in the textbook. Note that the current situation differs from the example provided in the book because there is no specific timeline for hiring; this is a continuous recruiting effort because even as positions are being filled, new positions are becoming available. It is also different because Tanglewood does not have a specific list of minimal educational requirements as qualifications. 2. Describe the best â€Å"targets† for your recruiting efforts by considering the job and organizational context. Evaluate the various methods of recruiting in terms of whether they seem more like â€Å"open† or â€Å"targeted† recruiting, using the information in the book to help you make this decision. If some methods seem more â€Å"targeted,† whom do you think they target? 3. For each division use the data tables provided in Appendix B to estimate how each method fares in terms of yields and costs. Provide a one-page summary of the essential results of the various data tables you have been provided. . Northern Oregon has suggested that the other divisions of the company use a policy of using kiosks and staffing agencies rather than using the more â€Å"touchy-feely† method of relying on referrals. Does this division have a point? What would the effect of other regions increasing their use of external hiring be? 5. Tanglewood’s top management is highly committed to improving customer service quality, and proposes that simply finding the cheapest way to hire is not sufficient. .u74537706fdb34a7dc53f63ca00fc03aa , .u74537706fdb34a7dc53f63ca00fc03aa .postImageUrl , .u74537706fdb34a7dc53f63ca00fc03aa .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u74537706fdb34a7dc53f63ca00fc03aa , .u74537706fdb34a7dc53f63ca00fc03aa:hover , .u74537706fdb34a7dc53f63ca00fc03aa:visited , .u74537706fdb34a7dc53f63ca00fc03aa:active { border:0!important; } .u74537706fdb34a7dc53f63ca00fc03aa .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u74537706fdb34a7dc53f63ca00fc03aa { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u74537706fdb34a7dc53f63ca00fc03aa:active , .u74537706fdb34a7dc53f63ca00fc03aa:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u74537706fdb34a7dc53f63ca00fc03aa .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u74537706fdb34a7dc53f63ca00fc03aa .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u74537706fdb34a7dc53f63ca00fc03aa .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u74537706fdb34a7dc53f63ca00fc03aa .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u74537706fdb34a7dc53f63ca00fc03aa:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u74537706fdb34a7dc53f63ca00fc03aa .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u74537706fdb34a7dc53f63ca00fc03aa .u74537706fdb34a7dc53f63ca00fc03aa-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u74537706fdb34a7dc53f63ca00fc03aa:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: can free trade and environmental protection coexis EssayBesides costs and retention, what other measures of employee performance would be good â€Å"bottom line† metrics for the quality of a recruiting method? How might the managerial focus groups’ concerns fit with these alternative considerations? 6. The question of realism in the recruitment policy has been raised in focus groups. Write one paragraph proposals for targeted, realistic, and branded recruiting messages for Tanglewood’s customer store associate positions. What are the traditional arguments for and against using realistic recruiting policies? Grading| 20 points possible * Case Descriptio n/Introduction (5 points) * Development of a Recruitment Guide (10 points) * Describe the best â€Å"targets† for their recruiting efforts by considering the job and organizational context (20 points) * Estimate how each method fares in terms of yields and costs (20 points) * Northern Oregon’s suggestion for other divisions (20 points) * Other measures of employee performance that might be good â€Å"bottom line† metrics for the quality of a recruiting method and how the managerial focus groups’ concerns might fit ith these alternative considerations (20 points) * One paragraph proposals for targeted, realistic, and branded recruiting messages for Tanglewood’s customer store associate positions (20 points) * Conclusion (5 points)

Tuesday, March 17, 2020

Free Essays on St. Thomas Aquinas’ First Two Ways in Proving the Existence of God

St. Thomas Aquinas’ First Two Ways in Proving the Existence of God It is my view that God exists, and I think that Aquinas’ first two ways presents a successful argument for the existence of God. No doubt, the arguments have weak points which are subjected to criticism but nonetheless, in my opinion, these propositions by Aquinas do indeed accomplish their purpose in establishing the existence of a Greatest Conceivable Being that is the unmoved mover and uncaused cause. I believe that this ultimate Being is unchanging and started the universe, time and all matter and concepts of existence. In my view, this Being is what we understand to be God. St. Thomas Aquinas recognized that there were some people who doubted the existence of God because, to them, logic did not allow for or explain God’s existence. His first two ways are two proofs based on logic and observation of nature in proving God’s existence to those who could not accept or believe God on faith alone. Aquinas’ first way is based on motion. He calls it the most obvious way. This first argument, the Argument from Motion, tries to prove the existence of God as the first mover which is unmoved. Now, it is certain as a matter of sense-observation that some things in this world are in motion. Whatever is in motion, Aquinas states, is moved by something else. Aquinas then defines one type of motion as the reduction of something from potentiality to actuality, and says that nothing can make this movement except by something that is already in actuality in the same respect as the first object is in potentiality. For example, something which is actually hot, like fire, makes something which is potentially hot, like wood, to be actually hot. In this way the fire moves and alters the wood. Now, it is not possible for the same thing to be, at the same time and same respect, in actuality and in... Free Essays on St. Thomas Aquinas’ First Two Ways in Proving the Existence of God Free Essays on St. Thomas Aquinas’ First Two Ways in Proving the Existence of God St. Thomas Aquinas’ First Two Ways in Proving the Existence of God It is my view that God exists, and I think that Aquinas’ first two ways presents a successful argument for the existence of God. No doubt, the arguments have weak points which are subjected to criticism but nonetheless, in my opinion, these propositions by Aquinas do indeed accomplish their purpose in establishing the existence of a Greatest Conceivable Being that is the unmoved mover and uncaused cause. I believe that this ultimate Being is unchanging and started the universe, time and all matter and concepts of existence. In my view, this Being is what we understand to be God. St. Thomas Aquinas recognized that there were some people who doubted the existence of God because, to them, logic did not allow for or explain God’s existence. His first two ways are two proofs based on logic and observation of nature in proving God’s existence to those who could not accept or believe God on faith alone. Aquinas’ first way is based on motion. He calls it the most obvious way. This first argument, the Argument from Motion, tries to prove the existence of God as the first mover which is unmoved. Now, it is certain as a matter of sense-observation that some things in this world are in motion. Whatever is in motion, Aquinas states, is moved by something else. Aquinas then defines one type of motion as the reduction of something from potentiality to actuality, and says that nothing can make this movement except by something that is already in actuality in the same respect as the first object is in potentiality. For example, something which is actually hot, like fire, makes something which is potentially hot, like wood, to be actually hot. In this way the fire moves and alters the wood. Now, it is not possible for the same thing to be, at the same time and same respect, in actuality and in...

Saturday, February 29, 2020

Acceptance of Differences

It is clear that America would like all of its citizens and residents to learn to accept differences between people.   As an example, the philosophy of teaching students with disabilities has been changing.   Separated from regular students at first, they must now be moved into classrooms with the rest.   In these classrooms, regular students learn to respect those who are different from themselves and students with disabilities improve their social skills (Ripley, 1997). At the same time, business organizations of America are required to learn diversity management.   At the governmental level, we now have the first black president in the White House.   However, as soon as President Barack Obama stepped into the White House he had to state that America is not an enemy of Muslims. Seeing that there was a need for the American president to make that statement reveals that our nation still needs to accept differences between people based on religion.    To support AmericaAmericans in accepting these differences, the government is required to change its political framing with regard to the Muslim world.   It is a known fact that political framing reflects through the media.   The government should work with the media to further resolve the misunderstandings between America and Muslims.   Americans are, after all, tired of wars. Response to Classmate’s Post: Your responses are all positive, and I agree that it is essential to applaud our nation for the leaps it has taken forward to end racism.   All the same, you have failed to answer the Muslim question that President Obama addressed during his first month in office.   I appreciated that you mentioned the role of media in ending stereotyping and supporting people in the acceptance of difference.   Yet, I cannot deny the fact that our nation needs to take greater leaps forward not only to become fully accepting of differences between people but also to become a model for other societies working on eradicating problems related to racism. References Ripley, S. (1997, Jul). Collaboration between General and Special Education Teachers. ERIC Digest.

Thursday, February 13, 2020

Proactiv advertisment Analysis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Proactiv advertisment Analysis - Term Paper Example Other items that are in the website are different success stories, information about acne, acne-related health information, customer service and other online connections [Facebook, Twitter, Pin us, YouTube and Google Plus] that are linked to the website. The general public forms the target audience. The types of pictures that are in the advertisement are those of people who have used Proactiv and had their acne disappear and those of active members. These factors help the advertisement being analyzed by making them more popular and readily accessible (Proactiv, 1). In particular, the advertisement is a marketing strategy which focuses on the effective of Proactiv as the most appropriate solution for treating acne. The advertisement features Katheryn Elizabeth [who is better known by her stage name, Katy Perry] giving her testimony of her struggle with acne, until she tried using Proactiv. Proactiv not only helped her get rid of acne, but also gave her a smooth skin and a subsequently high self-esteem. There are elements in the advertisement which makes someone want to buy the product. One of the elements is the very ingredients which make up Proactiv. Particularly, Proactiv contains micro-crystal medicine which penetrates the skin to open up skin spores, so as to give the user a smooth and healthier skin. The same advertisement has also used strong rhetorical devices, especially, logos, pathos and ethos. The strongest of these rhetorical devices is the use of pathos: Katy Perry, a celebrity, singer, songwriter, actress, philanthropist and businesswoman is a woman of great renown and is therefore a person of great appeal and persuasion. This fact is underscored by Perry presenting herself as a person who had a problem with acne, to the point that the problem gnawed away at self-esteem. The strength of the matter at hand is that all people can testify of Perry’s now smooth skin and blossoming career as a celebrity and as someone whose celebrity status has been occasioned by a heightened self-esteem. This is presented in a matter-of-fact manner which makes people to identify with Perry and to get easily persuaded with the notion that if Proactiv made it work for Perry, then trying it out will be not a foolish, but an expedient venture (Proactiv, 1). Another form of rhetorical analysis which has been used to persuade both potential and prospective clients is the use of pathos [the audience’s passions and emotions]. The depiction of Perry as performing before large audiences at different times, vivaciously also reinforces the emotional appeal of the audience. Again, the use of Perry, a well-known celebrity to speak up-close and candid on her struggle with acne, her conquering over acne through the use of Proactiv and the picturesque depiction of Perry and Perry’s face are all elements which appeal to the target audience’s emotions. In a similar wavelength, the fact that a lady who was struggling with acne should per form before an exhilarated and ecstatic crowd full of lover for her physical appeal is a matter that immediately awakens the emotions and resolve of those who may be struggling with acne and pimples. In another wavelength, logos is also seen as another element which compels the audience towards believing in the crux of the message. The advertisement is made in a way which instills logical appeal and stimulates logical appeal. This is done at two levels in the advertisement. The first level of advertisement exists at the surface level, in the sense of being superficial and less concerned about divulging the actual truth of the matter.

Saturday, February 1, 2020

MARKETING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

MARKETING - Essay Example ith only Apple products and hence the sales people are equipped with knowledge about the company products and this brings about customer satisfaction. In order to retain its customers, Apple continues to design and unveil new products like computer, iPods and iPhones among others (Schneiders, 14). Branding has to do with having desirable products, ideas, manifestos among other things and not solely about the name or logo of the company. Apple has adopted the emotion branding where it aims to connect with the emotions of the customers which emphasizes that their products are not just for physical but also emotional gratification. It has succeeded in this through having Apple Brand Personality where customers express their imagination, aspirations and dreams when using Apple products (Schneiders, 33). This explores issues of pricing, architecture, consistency among other issues that the company holds of value. In Apple, their value strategies mainly revolve around the monolithic architecture of all their products in such a way that they are recognizable by anyone. They have also ensured consistency of the products they make and especially the computer quality and technological desirability. Compared to other companies that are competitors of Apple, this company’s product prices are fair and match the quality of their products (Schneiders,

Friday, January 24, 2020

Death and Regeneration in Walt Whitmans Poem, When Lilacs Last In The

Death and Regeneration in Walt Whitman's Poem, When Lilacs Last In The Dooryard Bloom'd Whitman in 1865 wrote an elegy for President Lincoln entitled "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd." The "Lilacs" elegy is an outpouring of the deep sense of loss that Whitman felt after the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln. The President's death was a great shock to the poet; it overwhelmed him in a very personal way. Whitman recognized Lincoln's excellence and importance. When Whitman first heard of the assassination, it was the spring of the year and the lilacs were in bloom. The poem is heavily symbolic. In this first section, Whitman introduces two of the three central symbols used in development. The poet appears in company with the "Lilac blooming" and the "drooping star." The lilac represents love as well as resurrection and rebirth. The star symbolizes the slain Abraham Lincoln and comes to symbolize, also, the poet's heavy grief for him. The star, or Lincoln, once celestial and shining like a strong guide to those beneath it, has now "droop'd early." Lincoln i...

Thursday, January 16, 2020

Fashion Cycle

What is the fashion cycle? Fashion cycle – a period of time or life span during which the fashion exists, moving through the five stages from introduction through obsolescence. – When a customer purchases and wears a certain style, that style is considered accepted. The acceptance leads to the style becoming a fashion! Fashions do not always survive from year to year GOAL: The ability to gauge the timeliness or occurrence at the right time, of a fashion is critical in the development and marketing of fashion products. Stages of the Fashion Cycle Fashion moves through different stages during its cycle of existence.Not only design but special features also go through a cycle such as color, texture, and fabric Introduction Stage Designs first previewed during fashion weeks at the major design centers New styles, colors, or textures are introduced – begin an upward slope Limited number of people accept them Fashion leaders wear the styles Offered at high prices and p roduced in small quantities. Rise Stage Manufacturers who copy designer clothes will reproduce the styles as apparel that costs less by using less expensive fabrics or minimal detail. In the initial incline, fashions are accepted by more people because they can afford hem.Mass Production reduces the price of the fashion, and more sales result Peak Stage Top of the hill Fashion is at its most popular and accepted stage. Mass production but prices are not necessarily low, prices vary at this stage It can survive longer if the fashion becomes a classic. Updating or adding new details of design, color, or texture to the look can keep it in the peak stage. Decline Stage Consumer demand is decreasing, going down the slope. Fashion items available have saturated the market. People do not want to pay a high price. Fashion retailers mark down the rice of merchandise.Obsolescence Stage The end of the fashion cycle, the bottom of the hill Consumers are no longer interested in the fashion and f ind new looks. Price of the fashion product may be low at this point, but consumers may not buy the product. Fashion-cycle Life Span All fashions follow the life-cycle pattern, but it varies with each fashion. Very difficult for fashion marketers to predict the life span The length of time is determined by the consumer's willingness to accept the fashion. Fashion Movement Fashion movement – the ongoing motion of fashions moving through the cushion cycle.Economic and social factors influence consumer interest in fashion. New fibers and fabrics Advertising techniques can cause consumers to change in fashion. Budget Fashion for Bargain Hunters Budget brands include Joe Fresh, Walter, and Sellers, as well as Maroons and Old Navy. These stores have done a good Job of challenging the fashion cycle and offer fashion that would be classified more at the peak area of the cycle. However, before Jumping into a budget buy keep in mind the quality aspect, budget items aren't always made o f the nicest fabrics or constructed ell, so don't buy anything budget that you want to last.Moderate Fashion for the Masses Moderate falls under the beginning of the name brand category, stores that offer at the Moderate price point have seemed to explode on the scene recently, possibly in an attempt to appeal to a wider market. This category is a little harder to define and usually includes stores like the Gap, RAW & Co, and Smart Set; They carry fashion that is appealing to a mass market, they feature fashions in the â€Å"peak† section and basics. The quality in this category improves somewhat but not greatly from some of the Budget lines.These stores are definitely popular as they are affordable to a wide variety of consumers, and don't come with the stigma of being a budget retailer. Better Merchandise for the Brand-conscious Better merchandise falls into the peak section of the fashion cycle but can also be found in the fashion forward Rise section; items here are begin ning to enter higher fashion. Garments are constructed with more natural fibers, more attention has been paid to the fit, and garment details like buttons, beads, and special stitching are of a better quality.Lines of this nature pour ore money into advertising and have a high value for brand identity, lines like Lactose, Jones New York and Lucky Brand Shares fall into this category. People spend money on these lines based on a mixture of brand loyalty and prestige, they have cost the consumer a more than average amount of money for the item and the tag says it all. Bridge Apparel for Lovers of Contemporary Designer Labels Bridge apparel is another booming section of the fashion industry; it is the attainable designer merchandise that keeps on trend.Usually provide the quality, style and cut of a designer item without the couture price tag. This fashion includes designer merchandise that couture labels have created in the form of secondary lines which mimic their current collections at a smaller price, by way of using less expensive materials and add ones. Lines of this category include Marc By Marc Jacobs, DENY, Ralph Lauren Classics, and Perry Ellis Portfolio.Other designers who don't produce couture can also fit into this category, they directly produce garments to the requirements of this section and they include labels like lisle, By Malone Berger, and Tara Jargon. These designers can be classified as â€Å"Contemporary' their lines are not serially categorized by their price point but by their fashion forward nature. This class of fashion is aimed at women who are style conscious and are looking for high quality apparel; contemporary lines are a combination of classic and trend making them wearable for years to come.Quality is still a priority in these lines, and the cut of the garment is at its best form in terms of standard sizing. Silhouettes, color palettes and general styling reflect their couture counterparts in these collections and while they ma y not be the original couture pieces, they are more functional and wearable for everyday life. Designer Haute Couture Fashion – the Creme De la Creme Designer Couture is every woman's dream; it comes with a certain prestige due to its limited availability and the limited amount of people who can afford it.Designer merchandise is carefully constructed of the finest materials and provides the wearer with a custom fitted, high quality investment garment that is sure to last them a lifetime (providing they don't fluctuate in size). However; these pieces come with a hefty price tag that can soar upwards of hundreds of thousands of dollars, and maintaining a constant body size for the rest of your life is an almost impossible task. Designers of this category include YES, Christian Dior, Christian Laconic, and Viviane Westwood to name a few.So realistically we can admire their designs from afar and wait until the â€Å"trickle down effect† takes over the ready to wear collect ions. Leading the Fashion Way Fashion leaders – the trendsetters, or individuals who are the first to wear new styles, after which the fashion is adopted by the general public. May be high profile people who get media attention. Used to be royalty or the very wealthy, but now they are media celebrities. Theories of FashionMovement Trickle-Down Theory Trickle-Up Theory Trickle-Across Theory Each theory focuses on a different set of fashion leaders Trickle-Down Theory A hypothesis that states the movement of fashion starts at the top with consumers of higher socioeconomic status and moves down to the general public. The oldest and most accepted theory of fashion change Trickle-Up Theory A hypothesis that states the movement of fashion starts with consumers on lower-income levels ad then moves to consumers with higher incomes. Athletic Apparel Style – during the sass and sass Hair Style – â€Å"Beetles†, Punk StyleTrickle-Across Theory A hypothesis stating t hat fashion acceptance begins among several socioeconomic classes at the same time, because there are fashion leaders in all groups. Elements of Design When you describe something you see, you use words that tell about the lines, shapes, colors, textures, and spaces. Line Lines can be horizontal, vertical, dotted, gig-gag, curved, straight, diagonal, bold, or fine. Lines can show direction, lead the eye, outline an object, divide a space, and communicate a feeling or emotion. Shape Shapes are made by connecting lines. Circle, square, triangle, and freedom are words used to identify shapes.Look at the objects around you and describe their basic shapes. Are they one shape, or are they a combination of many shapes? After doing this several times, you will begin to understand what shape really is. Line creates two dimensional or flat shapes. When shapes are three dimensional, we call them forms. A circle is a shape; a ball is a form. A square is a shape; a cube is a form. A drawing is a flat shape; a sculpture is a three-dimensional form. Color Color is described with the words hue, value, and intensity. Hue refers to the name of the color?red or blue, for example. Value tells the lightness or darkness of a hue.Intensity refers to the brightness or dullness of a hue. You can use a color wheel and learn how colors work together. Texture Texture is the surface quality of an item. It's how something feels when touched, or looks like it would feel if touched. Sandpaper is rough. Velvet is smooth. A drawing of a tree stump could show rough outer bark and a smooth inner surface. Search for ways to add texture to your projects. Texture adds variety and interest. Space Space refers to the area that a shape or form occupies. It also refers to the background against which we see the shape or form. Space can be defined as positive and negative.The positive space of a design is the filled space in the design?often it is the shapes that make up the design. Negative space is th e background. The negative space in design is as important as the positive area. Rhythm You have felt rhythm in music. Rhythm is also a part of things you see. It allows the eye to move from one part of a design to another part. Rhythm can be created by: Repeating a color, shape, texture, line, or space when designing. Varying the size of objects, shapes, or lines in sequence (small to large). Using a progression of colors from tints to shades (light blue to dark lull). Ђ Shifting from one hue to a neighboring hue (yellow to yellow-orange to orange to red-orange to red). Principles of Design Some combinations of design elements (line, shape, color, texture, and space) work better than others. Here are some guidelines to help you understand why some combinations work and others do not work as well. These guidelines?rhythm, proportion, emphasis, balance, and unity? are the principles of design. Proportion Proportion refers to the relationship between one part of a design and anoth er part or to the whole design. It is a comparison of sizes, shapes, and quantities.For example, the relationship between the vertical and horizontal measurements of a wall hanging may be pleasing because the unequal lengths produce an interesting contrast. Emphasis Every design needs an accent?a point of interest. Emphasis is the quality that draws your attention to a certain part of a design first. There are several ways to create emphasis: Use a contrasting color. Use a different or unusual line. Make a shape very large or very small. Use a different shape. Use plain background space. Balance Balance gives a feeling of stability. There are three types of balance.Symmetrical, or formal balance, is the simplest kind. An item that is symmetrically balanced is the same on both sides. Our bodies are an example of formal balance. If you draw an imaginary line from your head to your toes dividing your body in half, you will be pretty much the same on both sides. Designs that have a radi al balance have a center point. A tire, pizza, and a daisy flower are all examples of design with radial balance. When you look through a kaleidoscope, everything you see has a radial balance. Asymmetrical balance creates a feeling of equal weight on both sides, even though the sides do not look the same.Asymmetrical designs also are called informal designs because they suggest movement and spontaneity. Asymmetrical balance is the hardest type of balance to achieve and often takes experimenting or moving elements around until balance is achieved. Unity When things look right together, you have created unity or harmony. Lines and shapes that repeat each other show unity (curved lines with curved shapes). Colors that have a common hue are harmonious. Textures that have a similar feel add to unity. But too much uniformity sometimes can be boring. At the same time, too much variety destroys unity.