Management Control Systems Enterprise Risk Management

MANAGEMENT CONTROL SYSTEMS Enterprise Risk Management Ivie Uduebho 4/10/2015 Introduction The business environment is constantly changing; it is unpredictable, extremely volatile and complex. This makes businesses exposed to risk because of the nature of the environment. It is therefore important for businesses to make strategic decisions on how to either reduce or make the effect of the risk less severe as much as possible. Businesses have to identify and manage their risks to ensure their success and continuation. According to the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), â€Å"Uncertainties present both risks and opportunities, with potential to erode or enhance value. Risk†¦show more content†¦Economic slowdown/slow recovery 2. Regulatory/legislative changes 3. Increasing competition 4. Damage to reputation/brand 5. Failure to attract or retain top talent 6. Failure to innovate/meet customer needs 7. Business interruption 8. Commodity price risk 9. 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Main Causes of Pollution in Urban and Rural Areas - 743 Words

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Space and Plant Landscape Architecture Free Essays

Creation of space Created by modifying ground plane, vertical plane, overhead lane both individually and collectively Ground plane- ground cover or low shrubs may imply spatial definition through variations in height and material Vertical plane- can influence the perception of space in several ways : Tree trunks act as vertical columns The degree of enclosure will vary with the size of the trunks, their density of massing, and their pattern of arrangement The foliage mass of plants, the density and height of the foliage mass affects the quality of the space The taller the plant and the larger and more closely its leaves or needles are spaced, he stronger the feeling of enclosure Enclosure is to occur with seasonal variation The overhead planet foliage mass and branches in the canopy of trees Create ceilings over an outdoor space, Limiting the view to the sky Affecting the vertical scale of the space Trees are placed so strong; canopy overlaps shutting out exposure to the sky Collecti vely, as outdoors room The degree of perceived enclosure varies with The relative height of the surrounding vegetation Its spacing, density, and The position of the viewer relative to the surrounding vegetation A space feels very enclosed when he encircling plant materials are Basic spatial types created with plants Creation of numerous types of spatial character using only plant materials Modify the spaces created by buildings Modify the spaces created by buildings To subdivide larger spaces delineated by buildings into smaller spaces Modify the spaces created by buildings Complete the spatial definition and organization Closure The completion of a spatial enclosure, articulated by a building or enclosing wall Modify the spaces created by buildings Linkage Visually connecting separate elements Architectural uses of plant material 2. Screening To conceal unattractive objects or scenes in the environment A vertical barrier can control views 3. Privacy control The techniques of encircling a well-defined area with plants To isolate the space from its surrounding Eliminate freedom of movement through enclosed space LANDSCAPE VISUAL CHARACTERISTICS Visual Plant Characteristics Visual Plant Characteristics Plant size, form, color and texture 1 . We will write a custom essay sample on Space and Plant Landscape Architecture or any similar topic only for you Order Now Plant size Directly affects the scale of a space, compositional interest, overall framework of a design Visual Plant Characteristics – plant size Large and intermediate trees, oft tall Visual Plant Characteristics – plant size Tall shrubs, loft to oft Lack of canopy Visual Plant Characteristics – plant size Tall shrubs, loft to oft Visual Plant Characteristics – plant size Intermediate shrubs, oft to oft tall Serve as visual transition in a composition between tall shrubs and small trees and low shrubs Low shrubs, oft Define space or separate spaces without in habiting views Used along a walk or path to contain pedestrians on the walk without affecting the line of visions Used to connect other unrelated elements visually Subordinate element Give a composition a spotty appearance LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE Visual Plant Characteristics – plant size Ground cover, 6 in to 12 inches Floor material of an outdoor space To imply spatial edges Outlining a desired shape on the ground To define non walking surface, lawn and pavement To provide visual interest based on distinct color or texture As background To link visually separate elements or group o f element To stabilize the soil, prevent erosion LANDSCAPE 2. Plant form Visual Plant Characteristics – plant form Fascinated / Columnar Upright, narrow, papers to a point at its top Emphasize the vertical by leading the eye skyward Give a sense of vertically and height to both a plant mass and to a space they enclose Acts as accents and exclamation pointillist’s not be placed throughout a composition Visual Plant Characteristics – plant form Spreading/horizontal Horizontal habit To give a feeling of breadth and extent Used in a composition Used for contrast with vertical fascinate Harmony with flat landforms, long lines extending across the horizon, low horizontal buildings Visual Plant Characteristics – plant form Round, globular Design composition, design unity No directional, neutral Harmony with other curvilinear forms Visual Plant Characteristics – plant form Pyramidal/conical Very sharp and distinct in their outline Visual accents Echo pyramidal building forms Visual level region where mountain are lacking Harmony with design of stiff, geometric shapes Visual Plant Characteristics – plant form Weeping Predominantly pendulous, downward-arching, branches Found in and associated with low points of ground, like he weeping willow along edges of water bodies Lead the eye toward the ground Used over water to reflect the undulating form. How to cite Space and Plant Landscape Architecture, Papers

Provision Of Lunch to Holmes Student

Question: Discuss about the Provision Of Lunch to Holmes Student . Answer: Research topic Holmes University has recently emerged to be a highly recognized educational institution, known for providing higher education courses to the native students of Australia, as well as the international students, pursuing higher education, in abroad. Since the institution offers a variety of academic as well as vocational courses at highly affordable rates, the organization is able to attract the students from different corners of the world. However, these international students, studying abroad, often encounter problems with finding food during the lunch time, at affordable rates, and hence have to compromise with the quality of the food (Altbach 2015). Considering this problem, especially encountered by the international students, the Punchbowl Indian Takeaway, can provide good quality lunch items, at reasonable prices. Though the immediate target market will constitute the international students, with the help of good reputation, it is expected that the market expansion is indeed po ssible. Literature Review Impact of Homestay pricing of Sydney on Holmes students It has been found that students of Holmes institute in Sydney have to provide different fees for higher study. For example, they have to pay placement and administration fees $A300, weekly homestay fee $A310 and refund and cancellation fee $A100 (Groenewegen and McFarlane 2014). They have made weekly payement of $A300 for traditional homestay 2 meals from Monday to Friday, for dinner only $A260 and for breakfast only $250. Favilukis et al. (2012) stated that fees quoted in Australian dollars per person in Sydney change without notice. Home Fee includes two meals a day and food should be available for students to make themselves a light lunch (e.g. a sandwich and piece of fruit). It has been found that most of students in Sydney, especially in Punchbowl suburb (at Holmes institute) are immigrants. They come from different countries like Malaysia, China and India to complete their higher studies (Hunter et al. 2014). In order to make their payment, they have to do part time jobs. They work in companies like McDonalds, KFC to make their fees for food and accommodations. Even local students are also able often make their payments as they change frequently (Hensher et al. 2012). It has affected their educational performance. As they are engaged in part time jobs, they are not able to concentrate on their studies. It has affected their career as well (Hunter et al. 2014). For this reason, the institute has focus on providing free meals to the entire local and immigrant students of Sydney at reasonable price. Developing takeaway facility will save the time of students and the company as well. The students can have their foods in accordance to their necessity. It wi ll help to save their time and money as well. On the other hand, developing takeaway facility will help the company to provide high standard foods at lower price (as service change will be less). A large number of international students get enrolled for pursuing higher education in the Holmes Institute. However these students, although are able to find proper accommodation facilities in hostels, in most of the cases, they do not have a kitchen for cooking their food. In such situations, these students will always tend to prefer prepared meals, as these help in saving them both time and energy (Miurra nad Turrell 2014). The takeaway service helps the students in cutting off their expenditure on things such as cutlery, crockery or even wages for cooks and servers at homes. Since the students visit a country for pursuing higher education, and do not necessarily plan to stay in the country for the rest of their lives, they do look out for cost-effective, labour-saving alternatives, and the takeaways is the most suitable alternative for them (Cook et al. 2016). Research Questions Since the target market comprises of the students, studying in Holmes University, the research questions will be directed to analyze the perspectives of the students studying in the University. The research questions the research intends to examine are as follows: Do the students studying in Holmes Institution are able to get lunch items at pocket-friendly prices? How many students studying in Holmes are pursuing their education through self-financed means? To what extent is an international student able to enjoy good tasting, wholesome meal at affordable rates? Do the students prefer to have local cuisine, or home country based food items for lunch in Australia? Do the foreign students lack the kitchen facilities for preparing their own food (Marginson 2015)? Research Methodology Research methodology of a project refers to various systematic methods and theoretical analysis that are implemented in a specified field of study. Processes of research methodologies generally encompass the analysis of various types of postulates and methods which are implemented in the selected course of discipline in the research. However, there are various kinds of research methodologies that are used in order to analyze the data collected for the research topic. The research methodologies are basic research, applied research, quantitative research, qualitative research, problem oriented research, and problem solving research (Wahyuni 2012). In this research topic, quantitative research methodologies is best for analyzing the research problem regarding the research topic of provision of lunch to the students of Holmes. Among the other approaches of research methodologies mentioned above, quantitative methodology is the best method, as it will provide the effective solution in thi s situation. Quantitative research methodologies include statistics of the data, simple calculations and mathematical representation of graph of the data collected regarding the research topic. This research methodology will ensure inclusion of various mathematical theories, which is responsible for developing a relation between the mathematical representation of the data and the empirical observations (Coleman and Ringrose 2013.). However, it can be said that the use of statistics in the data analysis section will increase the validity of the expected research outcomes. It can be gained after doing a proper form of data analysis using the methods proposed gin the above. Apart from that, in this research both primary research and secondary methods of data collection are used. Selection of appropriate form of research methodologies will help in following the research process in a proper direction. However, selection of research methodology is considered as the first step of the resea rch process that will be used for conducting the research (Creswell 2013). Research Process Research process of a particular discipline of research is defined as the approach adopted by the research conductor in order to proceed the whole research within a specified time period. Research process is considered as a crucial thing that acts as a pathfinder in order to complete the steps that are chosen for conducting the whole research. Research methodology is selected after choosing the research topic in this discipline. Research methodology will suggest the methods and approaches used in the methods of data analysis and data collection of the research. However, the data will be collected from the secondary journal articles and scholarly articles. Apart from that, primary data collection methods will also be used regarding the need of food to the students of Holmes (Gray and Malins 2016). Four steps can complete a research process. The steps are inquiry of the research methodology, data collection, and organization of the data and presentation of the research outcomes. Inquir y illustrates the process, which is used in selecting appropriate methods of research methodology. Collection includes the approaches of collection of data from both primary sources and secondary sources. Organization part represents the area of various processes of data analysis. It is a vital aspect of the research processes. The last stage of the research process is presentation. One thing the research conductor has to be kept in mind that there should be no mistakes and errors in analyzing the data regarding the research topic. Otherwise, the presentation of the research outcome will be not up to the mark (O'Leary 2013). If the whole process of research is conducted in the right track within specific time period then the validity of the research will be high that will surpass the topic chosen for the research and it will cater solutions to the research questions raised related to the research topic. Data collection and analysis Data collection and analysis is the most vital part of a research project as the reliability and validity of the findings are dependent on the method by which data had been collected and then analyzed. Different research data collection and analysis methods are considered depending on the research topic in order to answer all the research questions adequately and fulfill the aims and objectives of the research (Flick 2015). Primary data would be collected from students of Holmes University for understand the potential business prospects of Punchbowl Indian takeaway in providing in lunch to them. Random sampling would be done for selecting the sample population in order to avoid any biases. Each individual is selected by chance and each member of the population has the equal chance of being included in the study (Blumberg, Cooper and Schindler 2014). The students of all grades from the Holmes University would be included in the study and ten respondents from each grade would be selected for this purpose. A close ended questionnaire would be used for collection of data from the sample population. A close ended questionnaire would be used to limit the respondents to a list of answer choices from which they would give the answer to the question. Multiple choice questions would be the format of the questionnaire where respondents can provide one answer or check-all-that-apply. The questions would be regardin g the preferences of the students for Indian food, the price of the food, health and diet concerns, and packaging and delivery services. SPSS Statistics 20 would be used to for analysing the data obtained from the questionnaire and for the calculation of descriptive statistics. SPSS is reliable and validated quantitative data analysis software used widely for research purposes (Panneerselvam 2014). Secondary data analysis would be done by literature review using electronic databases. A narrow-scope literature review would be included wherein peer-reviewed journal articles would be presented depending on its ability to present the proposed research within the body of the relevant literature (Silverman 2016). Expected research outcomes The expected research outcomes would provide insight into the prospect for the business that Punchbowl Indian takeaway has in providing lunch to a student of Holmes University. The main focus of the research would be to understand the choice of Indian foods Australian students have in relation to their taste and convenience. This would be crucial for exploring the different food items that can be presented to the students so that they can buy their lunch from Punchbowl Indian takeaway. The research would also highlight the rate of the meals that is suited to the needs of the students. Since the expected customers are students in the present case, it is likely that there would be considerations regarding the cost at which the food items would be sold. The research would highlight this aspect in relation to the students of Holmes University and identify the possible rate of profit. The research methodologies when implemented in an appropriate manner it is likely that Punchbowl Indian t akeaway would be able to get a clear understanding of how to set up their business as per the requirements of the customers. References Altbach, P., 2015. Foreign Study: Patterns and Challenges.International Higher Education, (30). Blumberg, B.F., Cooper, D.R. and Schindler, P.S., 2014.Business research methods. McGraw-hill education. Coleman, R. and Ringrose, J. eds., 2013.Deleuze and research methodologies. Edinburgh University Press. Cook, A.S., McCook, R., Petocz, P., OLeary, F. and Allman-Farinelli, M., 2016. Comparative validity and repeatability of a single question, a twenty-eight-item FFQ and estimated food records to assess takeaway meal intake.British Journal of Nutrition,116(9), pp.1582-1591. Creswell, J.W., 2013.Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Favilukis, J., Kohn, D., Ludvigson, S.C. and Van Nieuwerburgh, S., 2012. International capital flows and house prices: Theory and evidence. InHousing and the Financial Crisis(pp. 235-299). University of Chicago Press. Flick, U., 2015.Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Gray, C. and Malins, J., 2016.Visualizing research: A guide to the research process in art and design. Routledge. Groenewegen, P. and McFarlane, B., 2014.A History of Australian Economic Thought (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Hensher, D.A., Truong, T.P., Mulley, C. and Ellison, R., 2012. Assessing the wider economy impacts of transport infrastructure investment with an illustrative application to the North-West Rail Link project in Sydney, Australia.Journal of Transport Geography,24, pp.292-305. Hunter, D.J., Schofield, D. and Callander, E., 2014. The individual and socioeconomic impact of osteoarthritis.Nature Reviews Rheumatology,10(7), pp.437-441. Marginson, S., 2015. Is Australia overdependent on international students?.International Higher Education, (54). Miura, K. and Turrell, G., 2014. Contribution of Psychosocial Factors to the Association between Socioeconomic Position and Takeaway Food. O'Leary, Z., 2013.The essential guide to doing your research project. Sage. Panneerselvam, R., 2014.Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Silverman, D. ed., 2016.Qualitative research. Sage. Wahyuni, D., 2012. The research design maze: Understanding paradigms, cases, methods and methodologies.Journal of applied management accounting research,10(1), pp.69-80.